Presence in Cameroon of the recently introduced Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) in association with the indigenous Aedes aegypti (L.) raises public heath concerns because it might alter the risk of arbovirus transmission. The breeding site and distribution of the two Stegomyia species are updated and reported following entomological surveys carried out in 22 localities throughout Cameroon, with a total of 1,353 containers with water visited. Ae. aegypti was found in every location sampled, showing higher infestation rates in northern Cameroon. Breeding populations of Ae. albopictus were observed in all 19 southern localities, up to the Adamaoua mountains, but the species was not recorded further north. In the area where both species are present, they were often sampled in the same larval developmental sites, suggesting convergent habitat segregation. The most frequently encountered artificial and natural breeding sites were used tires, discarded tins and plastic containers, abandoned car parts, brick holes, dead leaves on the ground, tree holes, and rock pools. Further monitoring of the demographic as well as geographic expansion of Ae. albopictus in this Afrotropical environment and its relationships with indigenous Ae. aegypti should provide insight into the biology of this highly invasive species and help to implement arboviruses surveillance programs in the area.